Projects:EASA PPL/Aircraft General Knowledge: Difference between revisions
(Created page with "* Flutter: torsion + bending * Shimmy: sinusoidal motion/vibration + damper * trim tab: reduce/cancel control forces, reduces hinge moment and control surface efficiency * electrical ice protection: prevent ice on small surfaces * Static dischargers: on wing and tail tips for electrical discharge + reduce radio interference, limit transfer of electrical charge from clouds * constant speed prop: pitch angle increases with increasing true air speed * constant speed prop: m...") |
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== Mechanical == | |||
* Flutter: torsion + bending | * Flutter: torsion + bending | ||
* Shimmy: sinusoidal motion/vibration + damper | * Shimmy: sinusoidal motion/vibration + damper | ||
* trim tab: reduce/cancel control forces, reduces hinge moment and control surface efficiency | * trim tab: reduce/cancel control forces, reduces hinge moment and control surface efficiency | ||
* | |||
* | == Fuselage & General Design == | ||
* Stringers: assist the skin withstand longitudinal compressive loads | |||
*wing spar: web + girders | |||
* Truss framework: used in light training aircraft | |||
* semi-monocoque: skin, frames, stringers | |||
* safe life design: may be used for number of cycles or flight hours | |||
== Controls == | |||
* yaw pedals: control heading, balance, slip and skip | |||
== Propeller == | |||
* constant speed prop: pitch angle increases with increasing true air speed | * constant speed prop: pitch angle increases with increasing true air speed | ||
* constant speed prop: manifold pressure increase -> prop pitch angle will increase | * constant speed prop: manifold pressure increase -> prop pitch angle will increase | ||
* Slipstream effect of Prop: at low airspeed with high power | |||
== Electrical == | |||
*electrical ice protection: prevent ice on small surfaces | |||
* Static dischargers: on wing and tail tips for electrical discharge + reduce radio interference, limit transfer of electrical charge from clouds | |||
== Engine == | |||
* Max EGT is associated with mass ratio of 1/15 | * Max EGT is associated with mass ratio of 1/15 | ||
* Otto motor diagramm: 2 adiabatic + 2 isochoric lines | * Otto motor diagramm: 2 adiabatic + 2 isochoric lines | ||
* Otto motor: Ignition before TDC at each second revolution | * Otto motor: Ignition before TDC at each second revolution | ||
*Carburettor ice with fixed prop: turn carb heat on, decrease in RPM -> increase in RPM | |||
* gearbox: magnesium alloy | |||
* | |||
== Magneto == | |||
* Magneto impulse coupling: stronger spark at TDC for engine starting, retarded spark | * Magneto impulse coupling: stronger spark at TDC for engine starting, retarded spark | ||
* | * magnetic field flux: a conductor cuts the flux of a magnetic field -> emf is induced in the conductor | ||
== Flaps == | |||
* Trailing edge flaps: increase lift at a lower angle of attack | * Trailing edge flaps: increase lift at a lower angle of attack | ||
== Compass == | |||
*true heading -> magnetic heading: map with isogonal lines | * true heading -> magnetic heading: map with isogonal lines | ||
*magnetic compass: turning error due to vertival component of earths magnetic field | *magnetic compass: turning error due to vertival component of earths magnetic field | ||
* | * compass check swing: measure the angle between magnetic north and compass north | ||
* | * ANDS: compass indication on accel or decel | ||
== Altimeter == | |||
*density altitude: the altitude of the standard atmosphere on which the density is equal to the actual density of the atmosphere | *density altitude: the altitude of the standard atmosphere on which the density is equal to the actual density of the atmosphere | ||
Revision as of 09:45, 19 January 2023
Mechanical
- Flutter: torsion + bending
- Shimmy: sinusoidal motion/vibration + damper
- trim tab: reduce/cancel control forces, reduces hinge moment and control surface efficiency
Fuselage & General Design
- Stringers: assist the skin withstand longitudinal compressive loads
- wing spar: web + girders
- Truss framework: used in light training aircraft
- semi-monocoque: skin, frames, stringers
- safe life design: may be used for number of cycles or flight hours
Controls
- yaw pedals: control heading, balance, slip and skip
Propeller
- constant speed prop: pitch angle increases with increasing true air speed
- constant speed prop: manifold pressure increase -> prop pitch angle will increase
- Slipstream effect of Prop: at low airspeed with high power
Electrical
- electrical ice protection: prevent ice on small surfaces
- Static dischargers: on wing and tail tips for electrical discharge + reduce radio interference, limit transfer of electrical charge from clouds
Engine
- Max EGT is associated with mass ratio of 1/15
- Otto motor diagramm: 2 adiabatic + 2 isochoric lines
- Otto motor: Ignition before TDC at each second revolution
- Carburettor ice with fixed prop: turn carb heat on, decrease in RPM -> increase in RPM
- gearbox: magnesium alloy
Magneto
- Magneto impulse coupling: stronger spark at TDC for engine starting, retarded spark
- magnetic field flux: a conductor cuts the flux of a magnetic field -> emf is induced in the conductor
Flaps
- Trailing edge flaps: increase lift at a lower angle of attack
Compass
- true heading -> magnetic heading: map with isogonal lines
- magnetic compass: turning error due to vertival component of earths magnetic field
- compass check swing: measure the angle between magnetic north and compass north
- ANDS: compass indication on accel or decel
Altimeter
- density altitude: the altitude of the standard atmosphere on which the density is equal to the actual density of the atmosphere