Projects:EASA PPL/Air Law: Difference between revisions

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Line 8: Line 8:
** at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
** at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
** above 10000' = 8km visibility
** above 10000' = 8km visibility
* No VFR:
* No VFR allowed:
** in Class A airspace
** in Class A airspace
** >= FL200
** >= FL200
Line 29: Line 29:
* QFE - height (above airport)
* QFE - height (above airport)
* Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level)
* Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level)
== Controlled / Uncontrolled ==


== Airspaces ==
== Airspaces ==
Line 83: Line 80:
|✓
|✓
|(✓)
|(✓)
|
|X
|-
|-
|IFR ↔ VFR
|IFR ↔ VFR
Line 92: Line 89:
|(trf)
|(trf)
|X
|X
|
|X
|-
|-
|VFR ↔ VFR
|VFR ↔ VFR
Line 101: Line 98:
|(trf)
|(trf)
|X
|X
|
|X
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
|}


Line 116: Line 104:


( ) = as far as practical
( ) = as far as practical
== Semi-Circular rule ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |IFR
! colspan="2" |VFR
|-
!Left
!Right
!Left
!Right
|-
|FL20
|FL10
|FL45
|FL35
|-
|FL40
|FL30
|FL65
|FL55
|-
|FL60
|FL50
|FL85
|FL75
|-
|...
|...
|...
|...
|-
|FL310
|FL290
|FL320
|FL300
|-
|FL350
|FL330
|FL360
|FL340
|-
|...
|...
|...
|...
|}


== ICAO Annexes ==
== ICAO Annexes ==
Line 137: Line 172:
* 18 Dangerous Goods
* 18 Dangerous Goods


== Search & Rescue signals ==


* V = require assistance
* X = require medical assistance
* N = no
* Y = yes
* ↑ = direction
== Aerodromes ==
=== Runway lights ===
* Edge: white, fixed (precision approach: variable white/yellow)
* Start: green, unidirectional
* End: red, unidirectional
* Centerline: white (some red towards the end)
=== Taxiway lights ===
* Edge: blue, fixed
* Center line: green, fixed
=== Beacon ===
* Flashing: white + green (morse code ID in green)
=== Signs ===
* Information: yellow/black or black/yellow
* Mandatory: white on red
=== Light Signals ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Aircraft in Flight
|-
|steady green
|cleared to land
|-
|flashing green
|return for landing
|-
|steady red
|give way to other aircraft / continue circeling
|-
|flashing red
|Aerodrome unsafe, do not land
|-
|flashing white
|land after continuous green
|-
|
|
|-
|red fireworks
|notwithstanding previous instructions, do not land
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!
!Aircraft on Ground
|-
|steady green
|cleared for take-off
|-
|flashing green
|cleared for taxi
|-
|steady red
|stop
|-
|flashing red
|taxi clear of landing area
|-
|flashing white
|return to starting point
|}
__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__

Latest revision as of 13:48, 22 January 2023

VFR Distances

  • VFR requires VMC conditions
  • Around airport:
    • Cloud ceiling > 1500'
    • Ground vis >= 5km
  • general:
    • 1500m horizontally + 1000' vertical distance from cloud
    • at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
    • above 10000' = 8km visibility
  • No VFR allowed:
    • in Class A airspace
    • >= FL200
    • transonic, supersonic
    • min. 1000' over towns
    • min. 500' over other ground

IFR Distances

  • 1000' above highest obstacle within 8km radius
  • 2000' above highest obstacle in mountainous area, > 5000', turbulent conditions

Squawk codes

  • 7000 = VFR
  • 7500 = Hijacking
  • 7600 = Radio failure
  • 7700 = Mayday

Pressure

  • QNH - altitude (above MSL)
  • QFE - height (above airport)
  • Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level)

Airspaces

Controlled Uncont.
A B C D E F G
VFR allowed X ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ATC service ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ IFR IFR Adv X
Separation provided:
IFR ↔ IFR ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (✓) X
IFR ↔ VFR ✓ ✓ ✓ trf (trf) X X
VFR ↔ VFR ✓ ✓ trf trf (trf) X X

trf = traffic information

( ) = as far as practical

Semi-Circular rule

IFR VFR
Left Right Left Right
FL20 FL10 FL45 FL35
FL40 FL30 FL65 FL55
FL60 FL50 FL85 FL75
... ... ... ...
FL310 FL290 FL320 FL300
FL350 FL330 FL360 FL340
... ... ... ...

ICAO Annexes

  • 1 Personnel Licensing
  • 2 Rules of the Air
  • 3 Meteorology
  • 4 Charts
  • 5 Units and Measurements
  • 6 Operations
  • 7 Registration Markings
  • 8 Airworthiness
  • 9 Facilitation
  • 10 Telecommunications
  • 11 Air Traffic Services
  • 12 Search and Rescue
  • 13 Accidents
  • 14 Aerodromes
  • 15 AIS
  • 16 Environmental Protection
  • 17 Security
  • 18 Dangerous Goods

Search & Rescue signals

  • V = require assistance
  • X = require medical assistance
  • N = no
  • Y = yes
  • ↑ = direction

Aerodromes

Runway lights

  • Edge: white, fixed (precision approach: variable white/yellow)
  • Start: green, unidirectional
  • End: red, unidirectional
  • Centerline: white (some red towards the end)

Taxiway lights

  • Edge: blue, fixed
  • Center line: green, fixed

Beacon

  • Flashing: white + green (morse code ID in green)

Signs

  • Information: yellow/black or black/yellow
  • Mandatory: white on red

Light Signals

Aircraft in Flight
steady green cleared to land
flashing green return for landing
steady red give way to other aircraft / continue circeling
flashing red Aerodrome unsafe, do not land
flashing white land after continuous green
red fireworks notwithstanding previous instructions, do not land
Aircraft on Ground
steady green cleared for take-off
flashing green cleared for taxi
steady red stop
flashing red taxi clear of landing area
flashing white return to starting point
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