Projects:EASA PPL/Flight Performance and Planning

From Wiki

Units

  • 1 NM = 1.852 km
  • 1m = 3,28 ft
  • 1 US gal = 3.785 L
  • 1 kg = 2.205 pounds

Terminology

  • Neutrally stable: center of gravity towards rear limit
  • Datum: on longitudinal axis, not necessarily between nose and tail
  • Backside of power curve: speed unstable
  • Rate of climb: climb gradient (%) * TAS / 100
  • Climb gradient:
    • (thrust - drag) / weigth * 100
    • Rate of climb / True airspeed
  • Climb angle: tan-1 (gradient (rise/run) e.g. 5,2% -> 5.2/100 -> tan-1 (0.052)
  • Glide for max time (endurance) :
    • at minimum rate of descent, TAS for max time will increase with altitude
    • ~max rate of climb speed (Vmindrag = VY?)
  • Glide for max range (distance):
    • Lift / Drag ratio at maximum, TAS for max range will increase with altitude

Power curve

V-Speeds

  • VS0: stalling speed in landing configuration
  • VS1: stalling speed in specific configuration (e.g. cruise)
  • VX: Best angle of climb (obstacle avoidance), max excess of thrust over drag
  • VY: Best rate of climb speed, max excess power (diff between drag curve and power curve), flaps reduce VY

Weight & Mass:

  • BEM: Basic empty mass
  • DOM: Dry operating mass (BEM + variable load (Crew+special equipment)
  • ZFM: Zero fuel mass (DOM + TL)
  • TL / TF: Traffic Load / Payload
  • Max permissible take-off mass - wake turbulence category: L 7000kg

Fuel

  • Block / Ramp Fuel: In the tank when off the blocks
  • Start: start engine
  • Taxi: taxi to runway
  • Trip: take-off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
  • Reserve:
    • Contingency: 5% of trip or 5min at cruise comsumption
    • Alternate: missed approach, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
    • Final reserve: 45min
    • Additional: choice by PIC
  • Avgas: 0,72 density / specific gravity

Flight Plan

  • Required when: IFR, cross-border
  • Total estimated time: from take-off to arrive over destination
  • Elapsed time format: 1h55min -> 0155
  • Item 7, Identifier for Radio equipped aircraft: RTF callsign
  • Item 9, Number and Type of Aircraft / Aircraft designator:
    • Number of Aircraft: in group
    • No designator: ZZZZ + entry in item 18
  • Item 10, Equipment: Carriage of a Mode A+C (altitude) Transponder -> Letter C
  • Item 15, Speed: TAS
  • Item 16, Destination estimated time to: EDDM0215 (2h 15min flight time)
  • Item 19,
    • Number of passangers: TBN (to be notified) if not known when filing
    • Emergency and survival equipment: cross out the relevant boxes of equipment NOT carried
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