Projects:EASA PPL/Flight Performance and Planning

Terminology

• Neutrally stable: center of gravity towards rear limit
• Datum: on longitudinal axis, not necessarily between nose and tail
• Backside of power curve: speed unstable
• Rate of climb: climb gradient (%) * TAS / 100
• Climb gradient:
  • (thrust - drag) / weigth * 100
  • Rate of climb / True airspeed
• Climb angle: tan-1 (gradient (rise/run) e.g. 5,2% -> 5.2/100 -> tan-1 (0.052)
• Glide for max time (endurance) :
  • at minimum rate of descent, TAS for max time will increase with altitude
  • ~max rate of climb speed (Vmindrag = VY?)
• Glide for max range (distance):
  • Lift / Drag ratio at maximum, TAS for max range will increase with altitude

V-Speeds

• VS0: stalling speed in landing configuration
• VS1: stalling speed in specific configuration (e.g. cruise)
• VX: Best angle of climb (obstacle avoidance), max excess of thrust over drag
• VY: Best rate of climb speed, max excess power (diff between drag curve and power curve), flaps reduce VY

Weight & Mass:

• BEM: Basic empty mass
• DOM: Dry operating mass (BEM + variable load (Crew+special equipment)
• ZFM: Zero fuel mass (DOM + TL)
• TL / TF: Traffic Load / Payload
• Max permissible take-off mass - wake turbulence category: L 7000kg

Fuel

• Block / Ramp Fuel: In the tank when off the blocks
• Start: start engine
• Taxi: taxi to runway
• Trip: take-off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
• Reserve:
  • Contingency: 5% of trip or 5min at cruise comsumption
  • Alternate: missed approach, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
  • Final reserve: 45min
  • Additional: choice by PIC

• Avgas: 0,72 density / specific gravity

Flight Plan

• Required when: IFR, cross-border
• Total estimated time: from take-off to arrive over destination
• Elapsed time format: 1h55min -> 0155
• Item 7, Identifier for Radio equipped aircraft: RTF callsign
• Item 9, Number and Type of Aircraft / Aircraft designator:
  • Number of Aircraft: in group
  • No designator: ZZZZ + entry in item 18
• Item 10, Equipment: Carriage of a Mode A+C (altitude) Transponder -> Letter C
• Item 15, Speed: TAS
• Item 16, Destination estimated time to: EDDM0215 (2h 15min flight time)
• Item 19,
  • Number of passangers: TBN (to be notified) if not known when filing
  • Emergency and survival equipment: cross out the relevant boxes of equipment NOT carried