Projects:EASA PPL/Air Law: Difference between revisions

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** at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
** at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
** above 10000' = 8km visibility
** above 10000' = 8km visibility
* No VFR:
* No VFR allowed:
** in Class A airspace
** in Class A airspace
** >= FL200
** >= FL200
Line 124: Line 124:
* 17 Security
* 17 Security
* 18 Dangerous Goods
* 18 Dangerous Goods
== Search & Rescue signals ==
* V = require assistance
* X = require medical assistance
* N = no
* Y = yes
* ↑ = direction
== Aerodromes ==
=== Runway lights ===
* Edge: white, fixed (precision approach: variable white/yellow)
* Start: green, unidirectional
* End: red, unidirectional
* Centerline: white (some red towards the end)
=== Taxiway lights ===
* Edge: blue, fixed
* Center line: green, fixed
=== Beacon ===
* Flashing: white + green (morse code ID in green)
=== Signs ===
* Information: yellow/black or black/yellow
* Mandatory: white on red
=== Light Signals ===
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Revision as of 11:27, 22 January 2023

VFR Distances

  • VFR requires VMC conditions
  • Around airport:
    • Cloud ceiling > 1500'
    • Ground vis >= 5km
  • general:
    • 1500m horizontally + 1000' vertical distance from cloud
    • at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
    • above 10000' = 8km visibility
  • No VFR allowed:
    • in Class A airspace
    • >= FL200
    • transonic, supersonic
    • min. 1000' over towns
    • min. 500' over other ground

IFR Distances

  • 1000' above highest obstacle within 8km radius
  • 2000' above highest obstacle in mountainous area, > 5000', turbulent conditions

Squawk codes

  • 7000 = VFR
  • 7500 = Hijacking
  • 7600 = Radio failure
  • 7700 = Mayday

Pressure

  • QNH - altitude (above MSL)
  • QFE - height (above airport)
  • Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level)

Airspaces

Controlled Uncont.
A B C D E F G
VFR allowed X ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓
ATC service ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ IFR IFR Adv X
Separation provided:
IFR ↔ IFR ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓ (✓) X
IFR ↔ VFR ✓ ✓ ✓ trf (trf) X X
VFR ↔ VFR ✓ ✓ trf trf (trf) X X

trf = traffic information

( ) = as far as practical

ICAO Annexes

  • 1 Personnel Licensing
  • 2 Rules of the Air
  • 3 Meteorology
  • 4 Charts
  • 5 Units and Measurements
  • 6 Operations
  • 7 Registration Markings
  • 8 Airworthiness
  • 9 Facilitation
  • 10 Telecommunications
  • 11 Air Traffic Services
  • 12 Search and Rescue
  • 13 Accidents
  • 14 Aerodromes
  • 15 AIS
  • 16 Environmental Protection
  • 17 Security
  • 18 Dangerous Goods

Search & Rescue signals

  • V = require assistance
  • X = require medical assistance
  • N = no
  • Y = yes
  • ↑ = direction

Aerodromes

Runway lights

  • Edge: white, fixed (precision approach: variable white/yellow)
  • Start: green, unidirectional
  • End: red, unidirectional
  • Centerline: white (some red towards the end)

Taxiway lights

  • Edge: blue, fixed
  • Center line: green, fixed

Beacon

  • Flashing: white + green (morse code ID in green)

Signs

  • Information: yellow/black or black/yellow
  • Mandatory: white on red

Light Signals


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