Linux/1-Commands: Difference between revisions
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! Example | ! Example | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Basic''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Basic''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| dir | | dir | ||
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| cat config.txt | | cat config.txt | ||
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|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''Files''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Files''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mkdir | | mkdir | ||
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| move | | move | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| nano | | nano | ||
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| vi config.txt | | vi config.txt | ||
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|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''Search''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Search''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| locate | | locate | ||
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|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''System info''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''System info''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| uname | | uname | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ifconfig | | ip a (ifconfig) | ||
| | | | ||
| show network settings | | show network settings | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | ss (netstat) | ||
| | |||
| | |||
| ss -tulpn | |||
|- | |||
| landscape-sysinfo | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| landscape-sysinfo | |||
|- | |- | ||
| | | htop | ||
| | | | ||
| ( | | (extra package) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | |tload | ||
| | | | ||
| | |show cpu graph | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| | | iotop | ||
| | | | ||
| (extra package) | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | | iftop | ||
| | | | ||
| (extra package) | |||
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|- | |||
| virt-top | |||
| | | | ||
|(extra package) | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| vnstat | | vnstat | ||
| | | | ||
| show network interface statistics ( | | show network interface statistics | ||
(extra package) | |||
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|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''Runlevel''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Runlevel''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| runlevel | | runlevel | ||
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|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''Network''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Network''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| wget | | wget | ||
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| ntpdate | | ntpdate | ||
| | | | ||
| ( | |(extra package) | ||
| | | | ||
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| whois | | whois | ||
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| ( | | (extra package) | ||
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| finger | | finger | ||
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| ( | | (extra package) | ||
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| netstat | | ss (netstat) | ||
| -tulpn | | -tulpn | ||
| show open ports | | show open ports | ||
| | | ss -tulpn (t=tcp, u=udp, l=listening, p=process, n=numeric) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| iwconfig | | iwconfig | ||
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| nethogs | | nethogs | ||
| | | | ||
| | |(extra package) | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''Apt''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Apt''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| apt install | | apt install | ||
| <package> (-s = simulation) | | <package> (-s = simulation) | ||
| | | install package | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| apt update | | apt update | ||
| | | | ||
| | | update list of available packages | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| apt upgrade | | apt upgrade | ||
| | | | ||
| | | upgrade packages | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| apt dist-upgrade | | apt dist-upgrade | ||
| | | | ||
| | | upgrade all packages incl. kernel | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| aptitude | | aptitude | ||
| | | | ||
| | | package manager with UI | ||
| | | | ||
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| dpkg --get-selections | | dpkg --get-selections | ||
| | | | ||
| get list of all installed packages | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| dpkg -S filename | |||
| | | | ||
| | | find package, to which the file belongs | ||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| /etc/apt/sources.list | | /etc/apt/sources.list | ||
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|colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;"| <br> '''HDD''' | | colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''HDD & Filesystem''' | ||
|- | |||
| dd | |||
| if=%in of=%out | |||
| low level copy | |||
| dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sdb2 | |||
|- | |||
|dd | |||
| | |||
|wipe drive | |||
|dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 status=progress | |||
|- | |||
| lsof | |||
| | |||
| show open files | |||
|| <nowiki>lsof | grep qcow</nowiki> | |||
|- | |- | ||
| smartctl | | smartctl | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| blkid | |||
| | |||
| show block devices UUID | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| dosfsck | |||
| -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1 | |||
| scan fat partition | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| fsck.ext4 | |||
| -v -f -c /dev/sda1 | |||
| scan ext4 partition | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
|shred | |||
| -v -n1 -z /dev/sdx | |||
|wipe hard drive | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Helpers''' | |||
|- | |||
| watch | |||
| -n 5 --differences | |||
| repeat command every n seconds | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Latest revision as of 11:04, 19 October 2024
| Command | Arguments | Info | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
Basic | |||
| dir | -Flah | list folder content | dir -Flah |
| cat | %file | show file content | cat config.txt |
Files | |||
| mkdir | %dir | create dir | mkdir /var/test |
| rm | %file | remove file/dir | rm autoexec.bat |
| cp | %from %to | copy | |
| mv | %from %to | move | |
| nano | (%file) | file editor | nano |
| vi(m) | %file | file editor | vi config.txt |
Search | |||
| locate | %file | locate file | locate fstab |
| updatedb | update locate database | ||
| find | / -n %filename | search for file | |
System info | |||
| uname | -a | show kernel version | uname -a |
| free | -m | show free memory | free -m |
| fdisk | -l | ||
| df | -Th | show harddisk usage | df -Th |
| du | |||
| ip a (ifconfig) | show network settings | ||
| ps | -aux | show processes | ps -aux |
| top | show processes with UI | ||
| ss (netstat) | ss -tulpn | ||
| landscape-sysinfo | landscape-sysinfo | ||
| htop | (extra package) | ||
| tload | show cpu graph | ||
| iotop | (extra package) | ||
| iftop | (extra package) | ||
| virt-top | (extra package) | ||
| vnstat | show network interface statistics
(extra package) |
||
| who, w | |||
| pwd | |||
Runlevel | |||
| runlevel | |||
| init | %rlvl | ||
| halt | |||
| reboot | |||
| shutdown | -h now | ||
Network | |||
| wget | download files | ||
| ntpdate | (extra package) | ||
| dig | get dns info | ||
| whois | (extra package) | ||
| nslookup | get dns info | ||
| finger | (extra package) | ||
| route | -n | show active routes | |
| traceroute | show network route to target address | ||
| ss (netstat) | -tulpn | show open ports | ss -tulpn (t=tcp, u=udp, l=listening, p=process, n=numeric) |
| iwconfig | show wifi settings | ||
| iwlist scan | scan for wifi networks | ||
| nethogs | (extra package) | ||
Apt | |||
| apt install | <package> (-s = simulation) | install package | |
| apt update | update list of available packages | ||
| apt upgrade | upgrade packages | ||
| apt dist-upgrade | upgrade all packages incl. kernel | ||
| aptitude | package manager with UI | ||
| dpkg -c | |||
| dpkg --get-selections | get list of all installed packages | ||
| dpkg -S filename | find package, to which the file belongs | ||
| /etc/apt/sources.list | |||
HDD & Filesystem | |||
| dd | if=%in of=%out | low level copy | dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sdb2 |
| dd | wipe drive | dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 status=progress | |
| lsof | show open files | lsof | grep qcow | |
| smartctl | read smart info | ||
| hdparm | set parameters | ||
| blkid | show block devices UUID | ||
| dosfsck | -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1 | scan fat partition | |
| fsck.ext4 | -v -f -c /dev/sda1 | scan ext4 partition | |
| shred | -v -n1 -z /dev/sdx | wipe hard drive | |
Helpers | |||
| watch | -n 5 --differences | repeat command every n seconds | |