Linux/1-Commands: Difference between revisions

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== bash commands ==
{| class="wikitable" border="1"
* basic commands
|-
** dir -Flah
! Command
** cat %file
! Arguments
** nano
! Info
! Example
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Basic'''
|-
| dir
| -Flah
| list folder content
| dir -Flah
|-
| cat
| %file
| show file content
| cat config.txt
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Files'''
|-
| mkdir
| %dir
| create dir
| mkdir /var/test
|-
| rm
| %file
| remove file/dir
| rm autoexec.bat
|-
| cp
| %from %to
| copy
|
|-
| mv
| %from %to
| move
|
|-
| nano
| (%file)
| file editor
| nano
|-
| vi(m)
| %file
| file editor
| vi config.txt
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Search'''
|-
| locate
| %file
| locate file
| locate fstab
|-
| updatedb
|
| update locate database
|
|-
| find
| / -n %filename
| search for file
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''System info'''
|-
| uname
| -a
| show kernel version
| uname -a
|-
| free
| -m
| show free memory
| free -m
|-
| fdisk
| -l
|
|
|-
| df
| -Th
| show harddisk usage
| df -Th
|-
| du
|
|
|
|-
| ip a (ifconfig)
|
| show network settings
|
|-
| ps
| -aux
| show processes
| ps -aux
|-
| top
|
| show processes with UI
|
|-
| ss (netstat)
|
|
| ss -tulpn
|-
| landscape-sysinfo
|
|
| landscape-sysinfo
|-
| htop
|
| (extra package)
|
|-
|tload
|
|show cpu graph
|
|-
| iotop
|
| (extra package)
|
|-
| iftop
|
| (extra package)
|
|-
| virt-top
|
|(extra package)
|
|-
| vnstat
|
| show network interface statistics
(extra package)
|
|-
| who, w
|
|
|
|-
| pwd
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Runlevel'''
|-
| runlevel
|
|
|
|-
| init
| %rlvl
|
|
|-
| halt
|
|
|
|-
| reboot
|
|
|
|-
| shutdown
| -h now
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Network'''
|-
| wget
|
| download files
|
|-
| ntpdate
|
|(extra package)
|
|-
| dig
|
| get dns info
|
|-
| whois
|
| (extra package)
|
|-
| nslookup
|
| get dns info
|
|-
| finger
|
| (extra package)
|
|-
| route
| -n
| show active routes
|
|-
| traceroute
|
| show network route to target address
|
|-
| ss (netstat)
| -tulpn
| show open ports
| ss -tulpn (t=tcp, u=udp, l=listening, p=process, n=numeric)
|-
| iwconfig
|
| show wifi settings
|
|-
| iwlist scan
|
| scan for wifi networks
|
|-
| nethogs
|
|(extra package)
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Apt'''
|-
| apt install
| <package> (-s = simulation)
| install package
|
|-
| apt update
|
| update list of available packages
|
|-
| apt upgrade
|
| upgrade packages
|
|-
| apt dist-upgrade
|
| upgrade all packages incl. kernel
|
|-
| aptitude
|
| package manager with UI
|
|-
| dpkg -c
|
|
|
|-
| dpkg --get-selections
|
| get list of all installed packages
|
|-
| dpkg -S filename
|
| find package, to which the file belongs
|
|-
| /etc/apt/sources.list
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''HDD & Filesystem'''
|-
| dd
| if=%in of=%out
| low level copy
| dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sdb2
|-
|dd
|
|wipe drive
|dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 status=progress
|-
| lsof
|
| show open files
|| <nowiki>lsof | grep qcow</nowiki>
|-
| smartctl
|
| read smart info
|
|-
| hdparm
|
| set parameters
|
|-
| blkid
|
| show block devices UUID
|
|-
| dosfsck
| -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1
| scan fat partition
|
|-
| fsck.ext4
| -v -f -c /dev/sda1
| scan ext4 partition
|
|-
|shred
| -v -n1 -z /dev/sdx
|wipe hard drive
|
|-
| colspan="4" style="background-color:#ffffff;" | <br> '''Helpers'''
|-
| watch
| -n 5 --differences
| repeat command every n seconds
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|-
|
|
|
|
|}




* file system
* http://linoxide.com/guide/linux-command-shelf.html
** mkdir
[[Category:Linux/CheatSheet]]
** rm [remove]
[[Category:Linux]]
** cp [copy]
** mv [move]
** dd
 
 
* file search
** locate %file
** updatedb
** find / -n %filename
 
 
* system info
** uname -a
** free -m
** fdisk -l
** df -Th
** du
** ifconfig
** top
** vnstat
** who, w
** pwd
 
 
* runlevel
** runlevel
** init 2
** halt
** reboot
 
 
* network
** pppoeconf
** wget
** dig
** whois
** nslookup
** finger
** route -n
** iwconfig
** iwlist scan
 
 
* apt
** apt-get install <package> (-s = simulation)
** apt-get update
** apt-get upgrade
** apt-get dist-upgrade
** aptitude
** dpkg -c
** dpkg --get-selections
** /etc/apt/sources.list
 
 
== config files ==
* /boot/grub/menu.lst
* /etc/apache2/*.conf
* /etc/dhcp3/dhcpd.conf
* /etc/network/interfaces
<pre>
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.0.2
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
gateway 192.168.0.1
</pre>
* /etc/rcX.d [Runlevel scripts K=Kill S=Start]
* /etc/ssh/sshd_config
* /etc/samba/smb.conf
 
 
* /etc/fstab
* /etc/hostname
* /etc/hosts
* /etc/inittab
* /etc/resolv.conf

Latest revision as of 11:04, 19 October 2024

Command Arguments Info Example

Basic
dir -Flah list folder content dir -Flah
cat %file show file content cat config.txt

Files
mkdir %dir create dir mkdir /var/test
rm %file remove file/dir rm autoexec.bat
cp %from %to copy
mv %from %to move
nano (%file) file editor nano
vi(m) %file file editor vi config.txt

Search
locate %file locate file locate fstab
updatedb update locate database
find / -n %filename search for file

System info
uname -a show kernel version uname -a
free -m show free memory free -m
fdisk -l
df -Th show harddisk usage df -Th
du
ip a (ifconfig) show network settings
ps -aux show processes ps -aux
top show processes with UI
ss (netstat) ss -tulpn
landscape-sysinfo landscape-sysinfo
htop (extra package)
tload show cpu graph
iotop (extra package)
iftop (extra package)
virt-top (extra package)
vnstat show network interface statistics

(extra package)

who, w
pwd

Runlevel
runlevel
init %rlvl
halt
reboot
shutdown -h now

Network
wget download files
ntpdate (extra package)
dig get dns info
whois (extra package)
nslookup get dns info
finger (extra package)
route -n show active routes
traceroute show network route to target address
ss (netstat) -tulpn show open ports ss -tulpn (t=tcp, u=udp, l=listening, p=process, n=numeric)
iwconfig show wifi settings
iwlist scan scan for wifi networks
nethogs (extra package)

Apt
apt install <package> (-s = simulation) install package
apt update update list of available packages
apt upgrade upgrade packages
apt dist-upgrade upgrade all packages incl. kernel
aptitude package manager with UI
dpkg -c
dpkg --get-selections get list of all installed packages
dpkg -S filename find package, to which the file belongs
/etc/apt/sources.list

HDD & Filesystem
dd if=%in of=%out low level copy dd if=/dev/sda2 of=/dev/sdb2
dd wipe drive dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/sdX bs=4096 status=progress
lsof show open files lsof | grep qcow
smartctl read smart info
hdparm set parameters
blkid show block devices UUID
dosfsck -w -r -l -a -v -t /dev/sdc1 scan fat partition
fsck.ext4 -v -f -c /dev/sda1 scan ext4 partition
shred -v -n1 -z /dev/sdx wipe hard drive

Helpers
watch -n 5 --differences repeat command every n seconds


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