Projects:EASA PPL/Flight Performance and Planning: Difference between revisions
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== Terminology == | == Terminology == | ||
* Neutrally stable: center of gravity towards rear limit | * Neutrally stable: center of gravity towards rear limit | ||
* Datum: on longitudinal axis, not necessarily between nose and tail | * Datum: on longitudinal axis, not necessarily between nose and tail | ||
* | * Backside of power curve: speed unstable | ||
* | * Rate of climb: climb gradient (%) * TAS / 100 | ||
* | * Climb gradient: | ||
** (thrust - drag) / weigth * 100 | ** (thrust - drag) / weigth * 100 | ||
** Rate of climb / True airspeed | ** Rate of climb / True airspeed | ||
* | *Climb angle: tan-1 (gradient (rise/run) e.g. 5,2% -> 5.2/100 -> tan-1 (0.052) | ||
* | * Glide for max time (endurance) : | ||
** at minimum rate of descent, TAS for max time will increase with altitude | ** at minimum rate of descent, TAS for max time will increase with altitude | ||
** ~max rate of climb speed (Vmindrag = VY?) | ** ~max rate of climb speed (Vmindrag = VY?) | ||
* | * Glide for max range (distance): | ||
** Lift / Drag ratio at maximum, TAS for max range will increase with altitude | ** Lift / Drag ratio at maximum, TAS for max range will increase with altitude | ||
Latest revision as of 17:42, 22 January 2023
Terminology
- Neutrally stable: center of gravity towards rear limit
- Datum: on longitudinal axis, not necessarily between nose and tail
- Backside of power curve: speed unstable
- Rate of climb: climb gradient (%) * TAS / 100
- Climb gradient:
- (thrust - drag) / weigth * 100
- Rate of climb / True airspeed
- Climb angle: tan-1 (gradient (rise/run) e.g. 5,2% -> 5.2/100 -> tan-1 (0.052)
- Glide for max time (endurance) :
- at minimum rate of descent, TAS for max time will increase with altitude
- ~max rate of climb speed (Vmindrag = VY?)
- Glide for max range (distance):
- Lift / Drag ratio at maximum, TAS for max range will increase with altitude
Power curve
V-Speeds
- VS0: stalling speed in landing configuration
- VS1: stalling speed in specific configuration (e.g. cruise)
- VX: Best angle of climb (obstacle avoidance), max excess of thrust over drag
- VY: Best rate of climb speed, max excess power (diff between drag curve and power curve), flaps reduce VY
Weight & Mass:
- BEM: Basic empty mass
- DOM: Dry operating mass (BEM + variable load (Crew+special equipment)
- ZFM: Zero fuel mass (DOM + TL)
- TL / TF: Traffic Load / Payload
- Max permissible take-off mass - wake turbulence category: L 7000kg
Fuel
- Block / Ramp Fuel: In the tank when off the blocks
- Start: start engine
- Taxi: taxi to runway
- Trip: take-off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
- Reserve:
- Contingency: 5% of trip or 5min at cruise comsumption
- Alternate: missed approach, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
- Final reserve: 45min
- Additional: choice by PIC
- Avgas: 0,72 density / specific gravity
Flight Plan
- Required when: IFR, cross-border
- Total estimated time: from take-off to arrive over destination
- Elapsed time format: 1h55min -> 0155
- Item 7, Identifier for Radio equipped aircraft: RTF callsign
- Item 9, Number and Type of Aircraft / Aircraft designator:
- Number of Aircraft: in group
- No designator: ZZZZ + entry in item 18
- Item 10, Equipment: Carriage of a Mode A+C (altitude) Transponder -> Letter C
- Item 15, Speed: TAS
- Item 16, Destination estimated time to: EDDM0215 (2h 15min flight time)
- Item 19,
- Number of passangers: TBN (to be notified) if not known when filing
- Emergency and survival equipment: cross out the relevant boxes of equipment NOT carried