Projects:EASA PPL/Air Law: Difference between revisions
m (→Airspaces) |
m (→Light Signals) |
||
| (3 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
** at or below 10000' = 5km visibility | ** at or below 10000' = 5km visibility | ||
** above 10000' = 8km visibility | ** above 10000' = 8km visibility | ||
* No VFR: | * No VFR allowed: | ||
** in Class A airspace | ** in Class A airspace | ||
** >= FL200 | ** >= FL200 | ||
| Line 29: | Line 29: | ||
* QFE - height (above airport) | * QFE - height (above airport) | ||
* Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level) | * Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level) | ||
== Airspaces == | == Airspaces == | ||
| Line 107: | Line 104: | ||
( ) = as far as practical | ( ) = as far as practical | ||
== Semi-Circular rule == | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! colspan="2" |IFR | |||
! colspan="2" |VFR | |||
|- | |||
!Left | |||
!Right | |||
!Left | |||
!Right | |||
|- | |||
|FL20 | |||
|FL10 | |||
|FL45 | |||
|FL35 | |||
|- | |||
|FL40 | |||
|FL30 | |||
|FL65 | |||
|FL55 | |||
|- | |||
|FL60 | |||
|FL50 | |||
|FL85 | |||
|FL75 | |||
|- | |||
|... | |||
|... | |||
|... | |||
|... | |||
|- | |||
|FL310 | |||
|FL290 | |||
|FL320 | |||
|FL300 | |||
|- | |||
|FL350 | |||
|FL330 | |||
|FL360 | |||
|FL340 | |||
|- | |||
|... | |||
|... | |||
|... | |||
|... | |||
|} | |||
== ICAO Annexes == | == ICAO Annexes == | ||
| Line 128: | Line 172: | ||
* 18 Dangerous Goods | * 18 Dangerous Goods | ||
== Search & Rescue signals == | |||
* V = require assistance | |||
* X = require medical assistance | |||
* N = no | |||
* Y = yes | |||
* ↑ = direction | |||
== Aerodromes == | |||
=== Runway lights === | |||
* Edge: white, fixed (precision approach: variable white/yellow) | |||
* Start: green, unidirectional | |||
* End: red, unidirectional | |||
* Centerline: white (some red towards the end) | |||
=== Taxiway lights === | |||
* Edge: blue, fixed | |||
* Center line: green, fixed | |||
=== Beacon === | |||
* Flashing: white + green (morse code ID in green) | |||
=== Signs === | |||
* Information: yellow/black or black/yellow | |||
* Mandatory: white on red | |||
=== Light Signals === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! | |||
!Aircraft in Flight | |||
|- | |||
|steady green | |||
|cleared to land | |||
|- | |||
|flashing green | |||
|return for landing | |||
|- | |||
|steady red | |||
|give way to other aircraft / continue circeling | |||
|- | |||
|flashing red | |||
|Aerodrome unsafe, do not land | |||
|- | |||
|flashing white | |||
|land after continuous green | |||
|- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
|red fireworks | |||
|notwithstanding previous instructions, do not land | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!Aircraft on Ground | |||
|- | |||
|steady green | |||
|cleared for take-off | |||
|- | |||
|flashing green | |||
|cleared for taxi | |||
|- | |||
|steady red | |||
|stop | |||
|- | |||
|flashing red | |||
|taxi clear of landing area | |||
|- | |||
|flashing white | |||
|return to starting point | |||
|} | |||
__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
Latest revision as of 13:48, 22 January 2023
VFR Distances
- VFR requires VMC conditions
- Around airport:
- Cloud ceiling > 1500'
- Ground vis >= 5km
- general:
- 1500m horizontally + 1000' vertical distance from cloud
- at or below 10000' = 5km visibility
- above 10000' = 8km visibility
- No VFR allowed:
- in Class A airspace
- >= FL200
- transonic, supersonic
- min. 1000' over towns
- min. 500' over other ground
IFR Distances
- 1000' above highest obstacle within 8km radius
- 2000' above highest obstacle in mountainous area, > 5000', turbulent conditions
Squawk codes
- 7000 = VFR
- 7500 = Hijacking
- 7600 = Radio failure
- 7700 = Mayday
Pressure
- QNH - altitude (above MSL)
- QFE - height (above airport)
- Standard 1013.25 hPa - (Flight level)
Airspaces
| Controlled | Uncont. | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | D | E | F | G | |
| VFR allowed | X | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ |
| ATC service | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | IFR | IFR Adv | X |
| Separation provided: | |||||||
| IFR ↔ IFR | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | (✓) | X |
| IFR ↔ VFR | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | trf | (trf) | X | X |
| VFR ↔ VFR | ✓ | ✓ | trf | trf | (trf) | X | X |
trf = traffic information
( ) = as far as practical
Semi-Circular rule
| IFR | VFR | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Left | Right | Left | Right |
| FL20 | FL10 | FL45 | FL35 |
| FL40 | FL30 | FL65 | FL55 |
| FL60 | FL50 | FL85 | FL75 |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
| FL310 | FL290 | FL320 | FL300 |
| FL350 | FL330 | FL360 | FL340 |
| ... | ... | ... | ... |
ICAO Annexes
- 1 Personnel Licensing
- 2 Rules of the Air
- 3 Meteorology
- 4 Charts
- 5 Units and Measurements
- 6 Operations
- 7 Registration Markings
- 8 Airworthiness
- 9 Facilitation
- 10 Telecommunications
- 11 Air Traffic Services
- 12 Search and Rescue
- 13 Accidents
- 14 Aerodromes
- 15 AIS
- 16 Environmental Protection
- 17 Security
- 18 Dangerous Goods
Search & Rescue signals
- V = require assistance
- X = require medical assistance
- N = no
- Y = yes
- ↑ = direction
Aerodromes
Runway lights
- Edge: white, fixed (precision approach: variable white/yellow)
- Start: green, unidirectional
- End: red, unidirectional
- Centerline: white (some red towards the end)
Taxiway lights
- Edge: blue, fixed
- Center line: green, fixed
Beacon
- Flashing: white + green (morse code ID in green)
Signs
- Information: yellow/black or black/yellow
- Mandatory: white on red
Light Signals
| Aircraft in Flight | |
|---|---|
| steady green | cleared to land |
| flashing green | return for landing |
| steady red | give way to other aircraft / continue circeling |
| flashing red | Aerodrome unsafe, do not land |
| flashing white | land after continuous green |
| red fireworks | notwithstanding previous instructions, do not land |
| Aircraft on Ground | |
|---|---|
| steady green | cleared for take-off |
| flashing green | cleared for taxi |
| steady red | stop |
| flashing red | taxi clear of landing area |
| flashing white | return to starting point |