View source for Projects:EASA PPL/Flight Performance and Planning

== Units ==
*1 NM = 1.852 km
* 1m = 3,28 ft
* 1 US gal = 3.785 L
* 1 kg = 2.205 pounds

== Terminology ==
* Neutrally stable: center of gravity towards rear limit
* Datum: on longitudinal axis, not necessarily between nose and tail
* backside of power curve: speed unstable
* rate of climb: climb gradient (%) * TAS / 100
* climb gradient: 
** (thrust - drag) / weigth * 100
** Rate of climb / True airspeed
*climb angle: tan-1 (gradient (rise/run) e.g. 5,2% -> 5.2/100 -> tan-1 (0.052)
* glide for max time (endurance) : 
** at minimum rate of descent, TAS for max time will increase with altitude
** ~max rate of climb speed (Vmindrag = VY?)
* glide for max range (distance): 
** Lift / Drag ratio at maximum, TAS for max range will increase with altitude

== Power curve ==


== V-Speeds ==

*VS0: stalling speed in landing configuration
* VS1: stalling speed in specific configuration (e.g. cruise)
* VX: Best angle of climb (obstacle avoidance), max excess of thrust over drag
* VY: Best rate of climb speed, max excess power (diff between drag curve and power curve), flaps reduce VY

== Weight & Mass: ==
* BEM: Basic empty mass
* DOM: Dry operating mass (BEM + variable load (Crew+special equipment)
* ZFM: Zero fuel mass (DOM + TL)
* TL / TF: Traffic Load / Payload
* Max permissible take-off mass - wake turbulence category: L 7000kg

== Fuel ==
* Block / Ramp Fuel: In the tank when off the blocks
* Start: start engine
* Taxi: taxi to runway
* Trip: take-off, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
* Reserve:
** Contingency: 5% of trip or 5min at cruise comsumption
** Alternate: missed approach, climb, cruise, descent, approach, landing
** Final reserve: 45min
** Additional: choice by PIC

* Avgas: 0,72 density / specific gravity

== Flight Plan ==
* Required when: IFR, cross-border
* Total estimated time: from take-off to arrive over destination
* Elapsed time format: 1h55min -> 0155
* Item 7, Identifier for Radio equipped aircraft: RTF callsign
* Item 9, Number and Type of Aircraft / Aircraft designator: 
** Number of Aircraft: in group
** No designator: ZZZZ + entry in item 18
* Item 10, Equipment: Carriage of a Mode A+C (altitude) Transponder -> Letter C
* Item 15, Speed: TAS
* Item 16, Destination estimated time to: EDDM0215 (2h 15min flight time)
* Item 19, 
** Number of passangers: TBN (to be notified) if not known when filing
** Emergency and survival equipment: cross out the relevant boxes of equipment NOT carried